The Shaolin Temple Kunming

Shaolin Boxing is the short form for 'Shaolin Temple Boxing Techniques'. As a means of spiritual discipline, Shaolin Boxing has been integrated in hundreds of schools, with Chan Buddhist influence or Zen guiding its presence. 'Shaolin boxing styles very greatly. There are in fact hundreds of different boxing styles. Students usually will practice general basics and then will devote him or herself to one or two boxing and weapon styles. 

Shaolin Kung fu practice is generally talked about in terms of three realms. 

1. In the primary realm, the practitioner practices their form and appearance.
2. In the intermediate realm, there is the integration of mind and fist, changing the tangible into the intangible, turning the law into the lawless; obeying no rules, having no movement to follow, controlling the enemy in the intangible. An ancient boxing manual reads, `defeat a person in the intangible or fail being seen`.
3. Shaolin Kungfu's highest realm is for all to be guided by the heart and to fight not just from form but from the formless.

Shaolin Buddhist practice is started in the mindful training of Kung Fu as it cultivates greater awareness. The purpose of learning Kung Fu no longer becomes the goal in itself, but is used as a means of awakening.

Features of Shaolin Kung Fu

1. Short but precise.
2. Box in a line.
3. Casual footwork.
4. Roll in and out.
5. Integration of mind and behavior.
6. Bending but actually not and straight but actually not.
7. Rise high in a tight form and drop in a spreading way. Rise to move with an intention of advance and drop to move with an intention of retreat.
8. Integration of Buddhism and boxing.
9. Focus on defense.
10. Combination of attacking and defending.
11. Numerous tricks.
12. Simple and practical.
13. Vigorous and strong.
14. Numerous acts shrinking back.
15. Numerous kicks.
16. Produce sounds.

Wushu as a sport is both an exhibition and a full-contact sport derived from traditional Chinese martial arts. Created in the People's Republic of China after 1949, Wushu has spread globally through the International Wushu Federation (IWUF), which holds the World Wushu Championships every two years.

Wushu is composed of two disciplines: taolu (forms) and sanda (sparring). The forms are similar to gymnastics and involve martial art patterns and maneuvers for which competitors are judged and given points according to specific rules. The forms comprise basic movements, stances; kicks, punches, balances, jumps, sweeps and throws based on the aggregate categories traditional Chinese martial art styles and can be changed for competitions to highlight one's strengths. Competitive forms have time limits that can range from 1 minute, 20 seconds for external styles to over five minutes for internal styles.

Wushu Events:

• Bare handed: Changquan (Long Fist), Nanquan (Southern Fist) and Taijiquan (Taiji Fist)
• Short Weapons: Dao (Single edged sword), Jian (Double edged sword), Taijijian (Taiji double edged sword) & Nandao (Souther single edged sword)
• Long Weapons: Gun (Staff), Qiang (Spear) and Nangun (Southern Staff)
• Sanda: Sparring/Free Fighting

Most of the events were set up in 1958.

These events are performed using compulsory or individual routines in competition. Compulsory routines are those routines that have been already created for the athlete, resulting in each athlete performing basically the same set. Individual routines are routines that an athlete creates with the aid of his/her coach, while following certain rules for difficulty, number of acrobatics, etc.

Wing Chun (Chinese: 詠春; pinyin: yǒng chūn; Jyutping: wing⁶ ceon¹; literally: "spring chant"), also romanisedas Ving Tsun or Wing Tsun, (and sometimes substituted with the characters 永春 "eternal springtime"^[4]); is a concept-based Chinese martial art and form of self-defense utilising both striking and grappling while specialising in close-range combat.

The alternative characters 永春 "eternal spring" are also associated with some other southern Chinese martial arts, including Weng Chun Kung Fu and Yong Chun .<sup>[5][6]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_Chun</sup> 

Qinna or Chin na are seizing and controlling techniques. It is the term used to describe techniques which lock up an opponent. Literally Qinna means catching and locking in Chinese. Qinna techniques can be specialized in. However, they are more likely to be used as an essential part of combat.  To that end Qinna is one of the four components of unarmed combat used in Chinese martial arts.  These four components are: Kicking (Ti), Striking (Da), Wrestling (Shuai) and Seizing Control (Na). 

While techniques along the lines of qinna (chin na) are trained to some degree by most martial arts worldwide, many Chinese martial arts are famous for their specialization in such applications. Styles such as Eagle Claw (Y?ng zhua quán ), which includes 108 different chin na techniques, Praying Mantis (Tánglángquán) the "Tiger Claw" techniques of Hung Gar, & Shuai Jiao are well known examples.

Qinna (Chin na) can generally be categorized as:

1. "Fen Jin" or "Zhua Jin" (dividing the muscle/tendon, grabbing the muscle/tendon). "Fen" means "to divide", "Zhua" is "to grab" and "Jin" means "tendon, muscle, sinew". They refer to techniques which tear apart an opponent's muscles or tendons.

2. "Cuo Gu" (misplacing the bone). "Cuo" means "wrong, disorder" and "Gu" means "bone". Cuo Gu therefore refer to techniques which put bones in wrong positions and is usually applied specifically to joints.

3. "Bi Qi" (sealing the breath). "Bi" means "to close, seal or shut" and "Qi", or more specifically "Kong Qi", meaning "air". "Bi Qi" is the technique of preventing the opponent from inhaling. This differs from mere strangulation in that it may be applied not only to the windpipe directly but also to muscles surrounding the lungs, supposedly to shock the system in to a contraction which impairs breathing.

4. "Dian Mai" or "Dian Xue" (sealing the vein/artery or acupressure cavity). Similar to the Cantonese "Dim Mak", these are the technique of sealing or striking blood vessels and "Qi" points.

Qin or Chin means to seize or trap, na means to lock or break, and while those actions are very often executed in that order (trap then lock), the two actions can also be performed distinctly in training and self defense. 

There is quite a bit of overlap between Qinna (Chin na) theory and technique with the branches of traditional Chinese medicine known as Tui na as well as the use of offensive and defensive qigong as an adjunct of Qinna (Chin na) training in some styles. In fact traditional Chinese medicine has been an essential part of the martial arts in China for both healing injuries and understanding the body’s weaknesses and strengths.  

Traditional Martial Arts Training - Refers to Martial Arts training that has retained traditional training methods. 

Traditional Chinese Medicine, also known as TCM; includes a range of traditional medical practices from China. Often viewed as an alternative medical system in the west, it is considered part of mainstream medical care in east Asia. TCM practices include: herbal medicine, acupuncture, dietary therapy, both Tui na and Shiatsu massage, qigong and aspects of Chinese martial arts. TCM comes from a meticulous observation of nature, the cosmos, and the human body. Its major theories include those of Yin-yang, the Five Phases, the human body Channel system (Meridian theory) and Zang Fu organ theory.

TCM sees the human body as a small universe with a set of complete and sophisticated interconnected systems. Those systems usually work in balance to maintain the healthy function of the human body. The balance of yin and yang is considered with respect to qi ("breath", "life force", or "spiritual energy"), blood, jing ("kidney essence", including "semen"), other bodily fluids, the Wu Xing, emotions, and the soul or spirit (shen). 

TCM has a unique model of the body, notably concerned with the meridian system. Unlike the Western anatomical model which divides the physical body into parts, the Chinese model is more concerned with function. Thus, the TCM spleen is not a specific piece of flesh, but an aspect of function related to transformation and transportation within the body, and of the mental functions of thinking and studying.

Traditional Chinese Medicines macro philosophy of disease means its diagnostics are based on an overall observation rather than "micro" level laboratory tests. For this eight guiding principles are employed to analyze and differentiate the energetic imbalances in the body or the nature of a patient’s condition using four diagnostic methods.  

The four types of TCM diagnostic methods are: observe (wàng), hear and smell (wén), ask about background (wèn) and touching (qiè). The pulse-reading component of the touching examination is so important that Chinese patients may refer to going to the doctor as "Going to have my pulse felt." These methods are extremely important as considerable diagnostic skill is required to understand the full complexity of symptoms and dynamic balances. 

The Eight Guiding Principles of TCM

TCM practitioners employ the Eight Guiding Principles to analyze and differentiate the energetic imbalances in the body, or the nature of a patient’s condition. The eight guiding principles actually consist of four polar opposites: yin/yang, cold/hot, deficiency (xu)/excess (shi), and interior/exterior.

Cold/Hot: This principle is used to determine the overall energy of the patient. A cold condition would be one marked by a slow metabolism, chills, pale skin, and a low-grade fever, while a hot condition would be characterized by a heightened metabolism, sensations of heat in the body, high fevers, and a flushed complexion.

Interior/Exterior: This principle describes symptoms in terms of the location of the patient’s problem. Exterior conditions are those caused by the invasion of the body by pathogens, and are usually acute and superficially located with a short duration. Exterior symptoms are those that affect the hair, skin, muscles, joints, peripheral nerves and blood vessels. Interior conditions result from pathogens that enter the interior of the body. Interior symptoms affect the organs, deep vessels and nerves, brain, spinal cord, and bones.

Deficiency/Excess: This principle describes the strength of an illness. In TCM, a deficient condition would be viewed as a lack of blood (such as in anemia), energy (Qi), heat, or fluids. Chronic illness would fall in this category. An excess condition, by contrast, means that the body has too much of something, such as qi or blood. In TCM, an acute condition would be seen as an excess condition.

Yin/Yang: These principles are the generalization of the above principles, and a condition can be categorized in terms of the relative dominance of either yin or yang.  In Chinese medicine, all organisms have both yin and yang qualities and a balance of the two is necessary for good health. In general, yin energy is associated with cold, female energy, and represents the solid organs.  Yang is associated with hot, male energy, and represents the hollow organs.  Chronic illness is seen as yin, while acute illness is seen as yang.

According to TCM, the combination of these principles determines the nature or quality of the three constituents of the body, which are energy (qi), moisture, and blood.  As described above, qi is vital life energy.  Moisture is the liquid medium which protects, nurtures, and lubricates tissue, and blood is the material foundation out of which we create bones, nerves, skin, muscles, and organs.

TCM practitioners diagnose health problems using various combinations of the eight guiding principles.  For example, a patient might be diagnosed as having an "internal cold" or "external heat" condition. Used in conjunction with the five element theory, the eight guiding principles give the TCM practitioner a more complete picture of a patient’s energy imbalances and determine the treatment to be pursued through acupuncture, herbs, diet, and exercise.

The Techniques for diagnosis are:

• Palpation of the patient's radial artery pulse (pulse diagnosis) in six positions.
• Observations of patient's tongue, voice, hair, face, posture, gait, eyes, ears and the vein on the index finger of small children.
• Palpation of the patient's body (especially the abdomen, chest, back, and lumbar areas) for tenderness or comparison of relative warmth or coolness of different parts of the body.
• Observation of the patient's various odors.
• Asking the patient about the effects of their problem.
• Anything else that can be observed without instruments and without harming the patient.
• Asking detailed questions about their family, living environment, personal habits, food diet, emotions, menstrual cycle for women, child bearing history, sleep, exercise, and anything that may give insight into the balance or imbalance of an individual.

Methods considered part of Traditional Chinese medicine: Acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, Cupping, Gua Sha, Moxibustion, Physical Qigong Exercises, Qigong, Tui na Massage, Die-da or Tieh Ta and Chinese food therapy. 

Traditional Chinese medicine healing is a multidimensional process and understands that the body, mind, spirit and emotions must all be addressed in the healing journey. The mind and the emotions, which are the actions of the mind, play a powerful role in creating wellness or illness, and attracting disease. 

All of these aspects and their relationships are mapped out in the theories that form the foundation of TCM: the theory of yin/yang, the theory of qi (or vital energy), meridian theory and the five-element theory. It is important to understand that these concepts and principles are not the product or result of scientific or rational thinking. They are based on a perception and deep understanding of natural law—how the universe really works at the level of energy. 

One of the main goals of TCM is to identify and treat the root cause of conditions so that the healing is genuine and the condition does not reoccur. It's interesting to know that TCM doctors in ancient times were paid only if their patients remained well. The body has many ways of signaling imbalances; some can lead to more serious health problems if left untreated in a timely way. When these signs and signals are recognized and addressed early on in the healing process, you can achieve and maintain good health. In terms of treatment, TCM uses a variety of natural healing modalities to spark the individual's innate healing capacity. With health difficulties, this self-healing ability can become dormant, but it responds to natural forms of treatment and becomes active once again.

One very effective TCM specialty is prevention. As part of the healing process, each person should learn about lifestyle choices and their impact on wellness—how what he or she does, thinks and feels contributes to their state of wellness.